Narrow-Angle Glaucoma (also called Angle Closure Glaucoma)

Narrow-angle glaucoma is rarer in Caucasians than in Asians and is very different from open-angle glaucoma in that eye pressure can go up very fast. This happens when the drainage canals get blocked or covered over by the iris. The pupil gets pushed against the lens of the eye, shutting off the drainage angle. Sometimes the lens and the iris stick to each other. This results in pressure increasing suddenly, usually in one eye. There may be a feeling of fullness in the eye along with reddening, swelling, blurred vision, headaches, and nausea. 

The drainage canals get blocked or covered over
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Symptoms of angle closure glaucoma:

The onset of acute angle closure glaucoma is typically rapid, constituting an emergency. If not treated promptly, this glaucoma produces blindness in the affected eye in three to five days or sooner. Symptoms may include:

• Inflammation and pain
• Pressure over the eye
• Moderate pupil dilation that's non-reactive to light
• Cloudy cornea
• Blurring and decreased visual acuity
• Extreme sensitivity to light
• Seeing halos around lights
• Nausea and/or vomiting

Causes of angle closure glaucoma:

• Defect in the eye structure
• Anything that causes the pupil to dilate -- dim lighting, dilation drops
• Certain oral or injected medications
• Blow to the eye
• Diabetes-related growth of abnormal blood vessels over the angle
• Small eyes, especially in hyperopic patients (farsighted) 

Diagnosing angle closure glaucoma:

Everyone should be checked for glaucoma at around age 35 and again at age 40. Those considered to be at higher risk for angle closure glaucoma, including those who are Asian, farsighted or over the age of 60, should have their pressure checked every year or two.

Because of the rapid, potentially devastating results of angle closure glaucoma, you should seek medical treatment immediately if you experience any of the above symptoms.

During eye exams, your doctor will use tonometry to check your eye pressure. After applying numbing drops, the tonometer is gently pressed against the eye and its resistance is measured and recorded.	Tonometry is used to check your eye pressure
An ophthaolmoscope can be used to examine the shape and color of your optic nerve. The ophthalmoscope magnifies and lights up the inside of the eye. If the optic nerve appears to be cupped and pale or is not a healthy pink color, additional tests will be run.	An ophthalmoscope is used to examine your optic nerve
Gonioscopy is used to determine whether the angle where the iris meets the cornea is open or closed, a key difference between open-angle glaucoma and angle closure glaucoma.	Goniscopy is used to help your glaucoma type

Treatment for angle closure glaucoma:

Laser iridotomy is a common treatment for angle closure glaucoma. During this procedure, a laser is used to create a small hole in the iris, restoring the flow of fluid to the front of the eye. In most patients, the iridotomy is placed in the upper portion of the iris, under the upper eyelid, where it cannot be seen.

Laser iridotomy

Filtration surgery is performed when medicines and/or laser surgery are unsuccessful in controlling eye pressure. During this microscopic procedure, a new drainage channel is created to allow fluid to drain from the eye.

Filtration surgery